Photographic emulsions
It was the invention of photographic emulsions in the second half of the 19th century that made the rise of modern photography possible. They not only made it possible to increase the speed of photographic materials but, first of all, enabled the production of materials that could be transported, stored and developed a long time after exposure. And, it was emulsions, that dominated the world of photography between the last decades of 19th century and the rise of digital technology.